What Is Peripartum or Postpartum Depression?

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What is Peripartum Depression?

Peripartum depression, also known as postpartum depression, refers to depression occurring during pregnancy or after childbirth. One in seven women experience peripartum depression. During pregnancy, women experience hormonal, biological, emotional and social changes which may increase the risk of developing mental health issues. 

“Baby blues” affect 70% of new mothers within the first few days to weeks, but this is usually short-lasting and does not interfere with daily activities, and does not require medical attention. In contrast, peripartum depression can be severe and debilitating, and can continue for months. Getting treatment is important for the health and wellbeing of both the mother and baby. 

Symptoms of peripartum depression

-      Feeling sad, depressed mood

-      Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed

-      Changes in appetite

-      Sleeping problems (insomnia or sleeping too much)

-      Loss of energy

-      Noticeably slowed movements or speech

-      Feeling worthless or guilty

-      Difficulty thinking, concentrating, impaired decision making

-      Thoughts of suicide

-      Lack of interest in the baby, not feeling bonded to the baby, or feeling very anxious about the baby

-      Feelings of being a bad mother

-      Fear of harming the baby or oneself

Those with peripartum depression may also experience symptoms of anxiety.

Causes of peripartum depression

There are multiple causes of peripartum depression, including physical, emotional, genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors for peripartum depression include previous history of peripartum depression or other mood disorders, family history of mental illnesses, difficult or traumatic birth, lack of social support, or other stressful life events. 

Peripartum depression is not limited to mothers; it can also occur to fathers. The risk factors for fathers experiencing peripartum depression include young age of father, history of depression, poor social support and financial situation.

Treatment of peripartum depression

It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of depression to aid earlier treatment and recovery. Untreated postpartum depression may affect parent-child bonding, health of mother and baby, neglecting care, failure to feed, and more.It can be dangerous to both the family and themselves. As the child develops, they may develop mood disorders or emotional problems. The hardest part is reaching out for the first time as many parents feel alone, stigmatized, and ashamed. However, treatment for peripartum depression is essential. This may involve some or all of the following: psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, medication, lifestyle changes and social support.